| 1. |
- Pan, Kuan-Yu, et al.
(author)
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Working Life Psychosocial Conditions in Relation to Late-Life Cognitive Decline : A Population-Based Cohort Study
- 2019
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In: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 67:1, s. 315-325
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While the importance of working conditions on cognitive function has been tentatively suggested previously, few studies have considered cumulative effects of exposure throughout the working life. We examined the association between job demand-control status and late-life cognitive decline, taking into account exposure durations. In the population-based cohort study, Swedish National Study on Aging and Care-Kungsholmen, 2,873 dementia-free participants aged 60+ were followed up to nine years. Cognitive function was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination. The entire working life was outlined through interview and occupations were graded with a psychosocial job-exposure matrix. Multivariate linear mixed-effects models were used. Slower cognitive decline was observed among people with high job control (beta: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.19) and demands (beta: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.22) in the longest-held job. Compared to active job, faster decline was shown in low strain (beta: -0.17, 95% CI: -0.26, -0.08), high strain (beta: -0.13, 95% CI: -0.24, -0.03), and passive job (beta: -0.22, 95% CI: -0.34, -0.11). Longer duration of active jobs was associated with slower cognitive decline (beta: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.32), whereas faster decline was associated with longer durations of low strain (beta: -0.12, 95% CI: -0.19, -0.05), high strain (beta: -0.13, 95% CI: -0.21, -0.04), and passive jobs (beta: -0.12, 95% CI: -0.20, -0.04). In conclusion, not only psychologically stressful jobs, but also low-stimulating and passive jobs are associated with faster cognitive decline in later life. Duration of exposure may play a role in the psychosocial working condition-cognitive decline association.
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| 2. |
- Mangialasche, Francesca, et al.
(author)
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High plasma levels of vitamin E forms and reduced Alzheimer's disease risk in advanced age
- 2010
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In: Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. - Amsterdam, Washington : IOS Press. - 1875-8908. ; 58:3, s. 131-140
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study we investigated the association between plasma levels of eight forms of vitamin E and incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) among oldest-old individuals in a population-based setting. A dementia-free sample of 232 subjects aged 80+ years, derived from the Kungsholmen Project, was followed-up to 6 years to detect incident AD. Plasma levels of vitamin E (alpha-, beta-, gamma, and delta-tocopherol; alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocotrienol) were measured at baseline. Vitamin E forms-AD association was analyzed with Cox proportional hazard model after adjustment for several potential confounders. Subjects with plasma levels of total tocopherols, total tocotrienols, or total vitamin E in the highest tertile had a reduced risk of developing AD in comparison to persons in the lowest tertile. Multi-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were 0.55 (0.32-0.94) for total tocopherols, 0.46 (0.23-0.92) for total tocotrienols, and 0.55 (0.32-0.94) for total vitamin E. When considering each vitamin E form, the risk of developing AD was reduced only in association with high plasma levels of beta-tocopherol (HR: 0.62, 95% CI 0.39-0.99), whereas alpha-tocopherol, alpha- tocotrienol, and beta-tocotrienol showed only a marginally significant effect in the multiadjusted model [HR (95% CI): alpha-tocopherol: 0.72 (0.48-1.09); alpha-tocotrienol: 0.70 (0.44-1.11); beta-tocotrienol: 0.69 (0.45-1.06)]. In conclusion, high plasma levels of vitamin E are associated with a reduced risk of AD in advanced age. The neuroprotective effect of vitamin E seems to be related to the combination of different forms, rather than to alpha-tocopherol alone, whose efficacy in interventions against AD is currently debated.
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